Glassy materials are not thermodynamically stable and during storage below the glass transition temperature (Tg), they are subjected to the time dependent changes towards the equilibrium. These changes are known as physical ageing, which is the basic feature of glassy materials below Tg. During ageing process, physical properties such as ENTHALPY and volume decrease and these changes are accompanied by important changes in mechanical properties such as change to modulus, compliance and mechanical RELAXATION, which are of great technological importance. The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of the mechanical RELAXATION in the glassy gelatin and compare it to the ENTHALPY RELAXATION phenomenon and try to correlate the rate of mechanical RELAXATION to the rate of ENTHALPY RELAXATION, which is the more reliable and frequent way for studying physical ageing. The extent of ENTHALPY RELAXATION of gelatin films with different water contents of 8%, 12 and 17%, measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), was found to increase with increasing the ageing time. The mechanical behaviour of the gelatin films was measured, using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The mechanical behaviour of gelatin showed time and frequency-dependent changes. Storage modulus increased during isothermal ageing and gelatin became harder and stiffer at higher frequency than that at low frequency. In order to assess the rate of mechanical RELAXATION, the classical time-ageing time superposition was applied to the results. The rate and extent of mechanical ageing were increased at higher water contents. A good agreement was found between the rate of the ENTHALPY RELAXATION and the changes to the mechanical properties at different water contents, suggesting that DSC measurements of ENTHALPY RELAXATION, which can be more easily implemented, can be used as indicator of mechanical changes.  

This paper is devoted to the study of dynamic mechanical behaviour of two metallocene polyethylenes (m-PE). For this purpose two metallocene linear low density polyethylene (m-LLDPE) and very low density polyethylene (m-VLDPE) were used consisting of 3.3 mol% butyl and 6 mol% ethyl branches, respectively. The m-LLDPE showed three transitions at 31, -8 and –115°C attributed to the α, β and γ-transitions, respectively. The β-RELAXATION was observed as a shoulder on the α-RELAXATION peak. Studies on the m-VLDPE revealed no appreciable α-RELAXATION but an increased β-RELAXATION than that of the m-LLDPE. The effects of cooling rate and annealing were also investigated for the m-LLDPE. Slow cooled sample showed a higher α-RELAXATION temperature and was appreciably greater in breadth and area than that of the sample cooled in water. No appreciable shifts in either the a orβ-RELAXATION temperature were found by comparing loss modulus of quenched and annealed sample of the m-LLDPE. The time-temperature superposition principle was also found to be applicable to the α-RELAXATION process of the m-LLDPE and master curve was obtained at 80°C.

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works

One of the most frequent rules in various areas of demonstrative jurisprudence of Two Major Sects of Islam religion is a rule that is known among Shīʿa as “tolerance in the evidence of traditions” (Arabic: التسامح فی أدلّة السنن) and in Sunnī as “latitudinarianism in documents” (Arabic: التساهل فی أسانید). Believers in the general application of this rule have based it for reasons such as consensus (Arabic: إجماع), tradition famous through practice (Arabic: الشهرة العملیّة), and rational judgement (intellectual judgement) and a group of aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, plural form for ḥadīth, literally “talk” or “discourse”) called “Akhbar-e- Man Balagh” (Arabic: أخبار من بلغ). The understanding of the aforementioned narrations and the extent of application of this rule has caused a conflict of opinions among scholars. The narrations containing the excellences of suras of the Holy Book of Quran is one of the fields of application of the rule of tolerance. The present research has explained the types of exposure to this group of narrations based on the rule of tolerance by using descriptive-exploratory method and using library sources and seeks to find a suitable approach about narrations of the excellences of suras (chapters) of the Holy Book of Quran. The interaction with these narrations is organized based on a special reading of the rule of tolerance in the selected approach, which is based on a rational interpretation of the contents of Man-Balagh (Arabic: من بلغ)’s narrations and is compatible with the indications of some verses and traditions. The use of weak narrations containing the excellences of suras (chapters) will be permissible based on this approach considering three conditions and without any certainty of attributing these narrations to Sharʿ (Islamic rules).

How to profoundly change the beliefs of the polytheists during the age of revelation from the denial of the Prophet (pbuh) to the certainty of his Message and the acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. The order of verses about prophecy based on the order of revelation is the reason to lead a transformative process and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing the belief of prophecy in the lives of Arabs. In the first stage, the Holy Quran in the first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared the community from the motivational side to accept the truth of the Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating the key issues surrounding it. The Holy Book of Quran at the time of the emergence of oppositions and doubts (the second stage) destroyed the arguments of the polytheists and explained the prophecy and proved its authenticity from a cognitive perspective in the second stage by presenting clear arguments. and the Holy Book of Quran in the third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill the goals of the Massage by explaining the true position of the Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize the Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for the Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on the acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the employment competencies of educational graduates from the perspective of view of employers. This research was applied in terms of purpose and was among the qualitative researches of Grounded Theory type. The participants of this research included 24 employers in the field of educational (interviewers for the Education recruitment exam, directors of non-state educational institutes, directors and recruitment officers of non-state schools, directors of kindergartens and preschools) in Birjand city. Data were collected using semi-structured interview and analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method and using MAXQDA-2020 software. In order to validate the research, two methods of member control and peer review or feedback were used. Consecutive review and comparison of data resulted in the extraction of 28 categories and 6 themes. Data analysis led to the formation of a sub-theory. The model shows that the focal variable is the process of education and teaching skills. The focal variable, under the influence of contextual and intermediate conditions, leads to the formation of the strategies of "being a lifelong learner", "research skills", "planning skills", "classroom skills and classroom management", "purposefulness" and "problem solving skills". became Finally, "increasing employability" was the consequence of this process.

Considering the fact that the words in the intra-religious attitude are considered in two ways, the first is towards jurisprudential words and the second is a rational and conceptual view focusing on their meanings. we have tried to deal with one of the most important issues of intra-religious attitude with a rational approach by descriptive and analytical method, which is the category of "hermeneutic interpretation" of words, especially the most influential idea of interpretation & that is the view of the "spirit of meaning" of Ghazali. After Ghazali, Ibn Arabi used this theory of Ghazali regarding the development of meaning in creating his new idea, and by re-reading Ghazali's idea with a mystical approach, he presented his own theory regarding the expansion of meaning. While accepting the argument of the focal point of the theory of the spirit of meaning, he removes it from the exclusivity to the "linear", and for this purpose, he brought up arguments as well as the Conditions of Hermeneutic Interpretation in this regard. Ibn Arabi's arguments on transversal interpretation include new formulations in the argument, which after him, this theory was favored and accepted by Mulla Sadra, and then it was accepted by his students.